A Quantitative Comparison of Unipolar and Augmented Unipolar Limb Leads

A Quantitative Comparison of Unipolar and Augmented Unipolar Limb Leads

Goldberger has claimed that his augmented unipolar limb leads (aV) are identical except for a 50 per cent larger amplitude and interchangeable with Wilson's original V leads, but this claim was not supported by quantitative evidence. The advantage of larger amplitudes explains the increasing preference for the aV leads. A quantitative comparison between V and aV leads revealed such tremendous v...

A Study of the Relationship between Unipolar Leads and Spatial

The extent to which precordial and other unipolar leads are influenced by the proximity of the exploring electrode to one part or another of the heart is the subject of considerable debate. One approach to the problem is to determine how closely precordial leads can be predicted from spatial vectorcardiograms recorded by leads relatively remote from the heart. The panoramic vectors cardiograph ...

A comparison of unipolar leads obtained with the methods of Wilson and Goldberger.

From Unipolar to Bipolar Leads: Fewer Problems, More Advantages?

The cardiac pacemaker lead, the "Achilles heel" of pacing hardware, is a relatively fragile cable of insulated conductor wire implanted into the hostile environment of the human body [1]. The ideal pacing lead remains an elusive goal. Important lead characteristics include ease of surgical insertion with safe and reliable fixation in the myocardium and a high level of electrical performance [2]...

Certain inevitable relationships among the "unipolar" extremity leads.